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CONTAMINANT

Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHXS)

FOUND

Exceeding guidelines

STATES DETECTED

46

serves

71 million

utilities detected

3,144

states detected

46

serves

71 million

utilities detected

3,144

Overview

Perfluorohexane sulfonate is a member of a group of perfluorinated chemicals used in many consumer products. Perfluorinated chemicals can cause serious health effects, including cancer, endocrine disruption, accelerated puberty, liver and immune system damage, and thyroid changes. These chemicals are persistent in the environment and they accumulate in people. Click here to read more about perfluorinated chemicals.

State, National, and Health Guidelines for Drinking Water

EWG Health Guideline: 0.001 ppt

The EWG Health Guideline of 0.001 ppt for perfluorohexane sulfonate was defined by EPA's toxicity value published in the Integrated Risk Information System's toxicological review. This health guideline harm to the developing immune system.

EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL): 10 ppt

ppt = parts per trillion

National Standard Exists

Health Concerns:

  • Cancer

  • Harm to the immune system

  • Hormone disruption

  • Harm to fetal growth and child development

  • Harm to the liver

Want to remove
Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHXS) from your water?

Try these filter technologies:

Activated Carbon, 

Reverse Osmosis, 

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Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHXS) around the Country

UTILITIES REPORTING ABOVE HEALTH GUIDELINES UTILITIES WITH CONTAMINATION
State Utilities People Served Utilities People Served
California27317,935,02527317,935,025
Texas2377,285,3562377,285,356
Florida1126,821,2431126,821,243
New Jersey1945,635,5041945,635,504
Massachusetts3124,058,1303124,058,130
New York4323,978,5664323,978,566
North Carolina1653,494,7051653,494,705
Alabama1152,696,1951152,696,195
Wisconsin2632,091,5262632,091,526
Minnesota1271,963,5361271,963,536
Pennsylvania861,815,968861,815,968
Washington1011,604,9131011,604,913
Arizona281,143,015281,143,015
Colorado971,043,962971,043,962
Illinois831,042,124831,042,124
Ohio53950,06353950,063
Georgia14740,71214740,712
Hawaii3647,7373647,737
Michigan74600,95274600,952
Utah18549,77218549,772
Nevada3479,4513479,451
Virginia13475,33413475,334
Rhode Island34445,65534445,655
Oklahoma38389,96538389,965
Delaware9370,5669370,566
Iowa22348,17922348,179
Alaska11283,60911283,609
Indiana5269,4485269,448
Connecticut13266,44113266,441
Kansas14261,34114261,341
Tennessee11247,35611247,356
New Hampshire58215,61558215,615
South Carolina19190,59919190,599
Kentucky12168,22912168,229
Maryland12139,07812139,078
Oregon7116,8697116,869
Nebraska8103,1018103,101
West Virginia18102,81218102,812
Maine2174,2832174,283
Missouri1035,9751035,975
Idaho730,652730,652
Montana120,008120,008
Louisiana714,161714,161
Wyoming110,330110,330
South Dakota210,030210,030
New Mexico17,83217,832

Utilities with the highest amounts of perfluorohexane sulfonate, 2013-2024

ALL UTILITIES
LARGE UTILITIES
Utility Location Tests Average level People served
Hannah Heights Owners AssociationFriday Harbor, WA2 of 4725.9 ppt66
Oatman Water CompanyScottsdale, AZ2 of 2710.0 ppt180
Stratmoor Hills Water & Sanitation DistrictColorado Springs, CO2 of 2155.5 ppt6,500
The Village of Laurel RunFayetteville, PA1 of 1140.0 ppt250
Security Waster District*Colorado Springs, CO2 of 5132.0 ppt19,000
Hales Happiness SubdivisionHales Corners, WI4 of 4112.0 ppt400
Exeter Job Corps CenterExeter, RI15 of 1589.1 ppt300
BemidjiBemidji, MN35 of 5184.2 ppt15,147
City of Stuart - Water PlantStuart, FL2 of 271.5 ppt16,841
Sussex County Hlth-the HomestedNewton, NJ17 of 1971.0 ppt100
Ladd Center Water System*North Kingstown, RI12 of 1364.7 ppt129
Kopachuck Ridge Water DistrictGig Harbor, WA1 of 159.5 ppt185
City of Fountain*Fountain, CO10 of 1259.2 ppt25,130
Birch Hill AcresBrewster, NY6 of 653.0 ppt60
Harborland Mobile ParkPort Orchard, WA3 of 343.3 ppt92
City of Ocala*Ocala, FL2 of 241.5 ppt64,007
Ocala Palms (consec.)Ocala, FL2 of 241.5 ppt2,015
Issaquah Water SystemIssaquah, WA5 of 1140.8 ppt39,578
Yeshiva Kehileth YakovBrooklyn, NY33 of 4837.8 ppt150
Tony WaterworksTony, WI2 of 234.0 ppt105
Mansfield Water SystemMansfield, WA2 of 232.7 ppt380
Whispering Pines Homeowners CoopCoupeville, WA1 of 131.4 ppt116
Fort Campbell Water System*Ft. Campbell, TN4 of 430.1 ppt43,270
Fort CampbellFort Campbell, KY4 of 430.1 ppt22,000
Friendship WaterworksFriendship, WI6 of 829.0 ppt781
Adams Waterworks*Adams, WI6 of 829.0 ppt1,847
Aqua Ohio - Mansfield System #02Massillon, OH10 of 1028.9 ppt588
Maple Grove Mobile Home ParkBeaver Dam, WI2 of 228.9 ppt120
Cal-water Service Company-orovilleSan Jose, CA48 of 6628.4 ppt11,056
Houlton Mobile Home ParkHoulton, ME2 of 227.8 ppt140
Lca Emmaus Consecutive DivAllentown, PA20 of 2326.8 ppt1,046
Emmaus Borough Public Water*Emmaus, PA20 of 2326.8 ppt14,000
Beaver Borough Municipal AuthorityBeaver, PA1 of 126.2 ppt5,799
Mount MorrisMt. Morris, IL12 of 2326.0 ppt3,100
Inwood Beach ClubPort Orchard, WA2 of 424.5 ppt80
Saegertown BoroughSaegertown, PA8 of 1224.2 ppt1,500
Lochmere Village DistrictLochmere, NH1 of 124.2 ppt345
City of PleasantonPleasanton, CA75 of 8323.6 ppt79,871
FridleyFridley, MN5 of 1223.5 ppt27,476
Wright-Patterson AFB Area B PWSVandalia, OH22 of 2223.2 ppt11,034
Fairchild Community LlcPort Orchard, WA4 of 422.6 ppt98
Camp Pendleton (North)Camp Pendleton, CA156 of 16222.2 ppt15,000
Westfield Water Department*Westfield, MA103 of 22221.4 ppt42,000
Yeshiva Farm SettlementMt. Kisco, NY62 of 6321.4 ppt300
City of South Sioux CitySouth Sioux City, NE12 of 2020.8 ppt14,043
City of LivermoreLivermore, CA138 of 16520.8 ppt35,672
Zone 7 Water Agency*Livermore, CA138 of 16520.8 ppt40
Dublin San Ramon Services DistrictDublin, CA138 of 16520.8 ppt98,776
Sioux City Water Supply*Sioux City, IA12 of 2020.8 ppt85,791
Central Boaz PsdMineral Wells, WV2 of 620.7 ppt1,418

* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHXS), but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.

UtilityLocationTestsAverage levelPeople served
Security Waster District*Colorado Springs, CO2 of 5132.0 ppt19,000
BemidjiBemidji, MN35 of 5184.2 ppt15,147
City of Stuart - Water PlantStuart, FL2 of 271.5 ppt16,841
City of Fountain*Fountain, CO10 of 1259.2 ppt25,130
City of Ocala*Ocala, FL2 of 241.5 ppt64,007
Issaquah Water SystemIssaquah, WA5 of 1140.8 ppt39,578
Fort CampbellFort Campbell, KY4 of 430.1 ppt22,000
Fort Campbell Water System*Ft. Campbell, TN4 of 430.1 ppt43,270
Cal-water Service Company-orovilleSan Jose, CA48 of 6628.4 ppt11,056
Emmaus Borough Public Water*Emmaus, PA20 of 2326.8 ppt14,000
City of PleasantonPleasanton, CA75 of 8323.6 ppt79,871
FridleyFridley, MN5 of 1223.5 ppt27,476
Wright-Patterson AFB Area B PWSVandalia, OH22 of 2223.2 ppt11,034
Camp Pendleton (North)Camp Pendleton, CA156 of 16222.2 ppt15,000
Westfield Water Department*Westfield, MA103 of 22221.4 ppt42,000
City of LivermoreLivermore, CA138 of 16520.8 ppt35,672
Sioux City Water Supply*Sioux City, IA12 of 2020.8 ppt85,791
City of South Sioux CitySouth Sioux City, NE12 of 2020.8 ppt14,043
Dublin San Ramon Services DistrictDublin, CA138 of 16520.8 ppt98,776
City of Vienna*Vienna, WV2 of 620.7 ppt12,507
Fort RileyFort Riley, KS2 of 218.8 ppt35,784
City of Abilene*Abilene, TX11 of 1218.8 ppt125,182
Wright-Patterson AFB Area A PWSVandalia, OH26 of 3918.7 ppt16,551
Pequannock Twp Water Department*Pompton Plains, NJ23 of 2615.0 ppt14,010
North Park PWD*Machesney Park, IL26 of 3415.0 ppt35,580
Warminster Municipal AuthorityWarminster, PA66 of 26815.0 ppt40,000
Atlantic City Municipal Utilities AuthorityAtlantic City, NJ10 of 1713.5 ppt152,415
Newhall CWD-Newhall*Santa Clarita, CA55 of 6312.8 ppt17,154
Cottage GroveCottage Grove, MN117 of 41712.6 ppt39,712
Lincoln, City ofLincoln, AL1 of 1212.5 ppt10,218
City of Greensboro*Greensboro, NC10 of 1011.1 ppt318,057
Village of Palm Springs*Palm Springs, FL1 of 111.0 ppt32,467
Fayetteville Public Works Commission*Fayetteville, NC10 of 1010.7 ppt214,137
OakdaleOakdale, MN56 of 20510.6 ppt28,303
College Utilities Corporation*Fairbanks, AK1 of 110.5 ppt13,000
Eau Claire WaterworksEau Claire, WI2 of 210.5 ppt66,060
AlexandriaAlexandria, MN78 of 8410.3 ppt13,554
Brookwood Comm. Water SystemDenver, NC16 of 209.89 ppt15,665
Warrington Twp Water&sew Dept*North Wales, PA9 of 639.70 ppt21,588
City of Corona*Corona, CA287 of 5939.42 ppt168,751
Waldwick Water DepartmentWaldwick, NJ12 of 159.11 ppt10,208
Marshfield UtilitiesMarshfield, WI16 of 209.08 ppt18,708
City of AnaheimAnaheim, CA281 of 4278.80 ppt341,245
City of Kennewick*Kennewick, WA15 of 208.67 ppt89,224
City of Great BendGreat Bend, KS10 of 208.67 ppt14,580
City of San Angelo*San Angelo, TX3 of 38.53 ppt101,004
Girard City PWSGirard, OH2 of 28.25 ppt14,122
Independence TownshipIndependence Township, MI29 of 1048.23 ppt11,790
Sammamish Plateau Water and Sewer*Sammamish, WA21 of 288.19 ppt65,598
Jackson Water SystemJackson, TN1 of 28.15 ppt91,111

* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHXS), but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.

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